Posted: Wed, 10 Jan 2007 0:00:00 +MSK
PENTAZOCINE Dosage form Ampoules, 30 mg/ml1 ml Uses Pentazocine is an opioid analgesic with mixed agonist-antagonist activity and is administered orally, by injection, and rectally for the control of moderate to severe pain. Adverse effects are similar to those of morphine, but Pentazocine may be more likely to cause hallucinations and other psychotomimetic effects; cardiovascular effects make it unsuitable for use in myocardial infarction. Unlike morphine its respiratory depressant action is subject to a "ceiling" effect. Administration Pentazocine is administered by subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous injection as the lactate: The usual dose is the equivalent of pentazocine 30 to 60 mg every 3 to 4 hours; it should riot be necessary to exceed 360 mg daily. In the US single intravenous doses of not more than 30 mg are advised. For children over 1 year, the maximum single dose should not exceed 1 mg per kg body-weight subcutaneously or intramuscularly, or 500 µg per kg intravenously. Observe Adverse Effects: The most frequent side-effects of Pentazocine are light-headedness, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, sedation, and sweating. It may also cause headache, dry mouth, constipation, flushing of the skin, respiratory depression, tachycardia, hypotension, raised intracranial pressure, transient hypertension, mood changes, nightmares, paraesthesia, pruritus, and urinary retention. Changed uterine contractions, muscle tremor, convulsions, insomnia, disorientation, hallucinations, disturbances of vision, transient eosinophilia, chills, and allergic reactions have also occurred. Especially after overdosage, respiratory depression may occur which can be reversed by the injection of naloxone. In cases when naloxone is not available the administration of methylphenidate is also suitable for the treatment of respiratory depression. Nalorphine or levallorphane do not antagonize the effect of Pentazocine. Pentazocine injections may be painful. Local tissue damage may occur at injection sites particularly after subcutaneous injection or multiple doses. There have been reports of muscle fibrosis. Storage Store in a cool and dry place, away from light. Keep out of reach of children. |
